机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

考虑高铁客运产品间交叉弹性的动态票价策略

将由特定高铁列车所提供的起讫点间的旅客运输服务定义为单个高铁客运产品。随着高速铁路越来越"公交化",同一起讫点间客运产品间的可替代性越来越强,票价的调整有了更精细化的要求。用经济学中的交叉弹性理论描述客运产品间的可替代程度,用指数需求函数描述客运产品的需求与票价的关系,构建并求解高铁动态票价优化模型,对客运产品间不同可替代程度下的最优动态票价策略进行研究。结果显示:高铁客运产品间的可替代性会影响票价策略的选择,且客运产品间可替代程度的增加是否有利于客票收益的提高与可行折扣票价集合的选取有关。     

多模式交通环境下上海居民职住选择行为

随着城市尺度不断扩张,由职住分离带来的长距离、长时间通勤交通问题日益严重。为研究多模式交通环境上海居民职住位置选择行为及其影响因素,基于网络问卷调查数据、上海市路网数据及房价数据,构建方式选择与目的地选择联合模型,按照选择次序,分析各出行方式的服务水平和房价等变量对居住地和工作地的选择影响。结果表明,居民倾向于选择通勤距离近、交通可达性良好、房价低和人文生活环境较好的小区工作生活,同时年长者和低收入群体对通勤距离和房价更敏感。     

PHEV能量管理策略研究

针对一款串联型插电式混合动力公交车,文章基于MTLALB建立整车和各部件数值模型。在中国典型城市公交工况下,建立基于全局优化的DP策略,并与CD-CS策略和PMP策略进行能耗对比分析。结果表明:(1)基于CD-CS策略的后期SOC在一定范围内波动,DP策略与PMP策略的SOC轨迹近似呈线性变化。(2)CD-CS策略较DP策略的能耗成本高22.68%,PMP策略比DP策略的能耗成本高0.30%。DP策略与PMP策略可以合理分配能量源,实现全局最优,但DP策略相比PMP策略计算量大。     

从大莱龙铁路投标谈如何提高报价内涵质量

通过复核工程数量、合理计算运杂费和灵活编制补充单价,以及在认真检查计算过程中存在的问题等方面,简述提高报价内涵质量.     

边际油田-WZ11—1N开发的工程策略

讨论了北部湾边际油田-WZ11-1N油田开发的工程策略，通过技术和经济上的综合分析，WZ11-1N油田采用了“三一”模式依托开发的成果，在应用涠洲地区成熟的、较先进的工程技术和开发经验的基础上，对依托平台／管线的处理工艺和寿命进行了详细的优化和校核，同时采用了电力组网新技术，达到了降低工程投资，提高油田收益的目的。另外在总体布置上为未来油田的依托开发预留了空间。     

汽车企业的技术人力资源战略

分析汽车企业中技术人力资源流失的原因,浅谈人才战略选择。     

城市轨道交通对周边物业影响分析

以深圳市为实例，利用历年房地产交易资料，阐述了深圳城市轨道交通客流预测模型构架，得出各项特征因素值.建立了深圳地铁一期沿线物业的特征价格模型，分析出城市轨道交通建设期对周边不同物业的影响程度，揭示了城市轨道交通促进周边土地升值的空间变化规律.对照香港的成功发展经验，提出了站点周边土地的综合发展策略，为土地利用规划、轨道交通线网规划、站点周边土地地价测算和开发形式提供依据.     

CRH_3型高速动车组整流器预测电流控制仿真研究

对CRH3型高速动车组牵引传动系统采用的四象限整流器,在分析了其基本原理及其控制策略的基础上,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了一种基于预测电流控制方法的四象限脉冲整流器的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,预测电流控制方法可以保持中间直流环节电压的稳定输出,实现调压稳压的功能,并且网侧功率因数近似等于1,谐波含量较小。